My PBL

             

                                            My PBL
                               

                            

This is my volcano.I made it with two types of paper mache,paint and cardboard.The photo is about my PBL volcano.The learning muscles I used were collaborating muscle because me and Keiarliya worked together and she helped me.The other learning muscles I used were perseverance and managing distractions because I had to keep on persevering and managing my distractions to get it done. This is my report. 

          Contents Page

1.	Introduction
2.	Layers of the Earth
3.	Volcanic Rocks
4.	What impact do volcanic eruptions have on the world we live in.
5.	Acrostic poem
7.	Glossary

Lava(tahepuia)-can travel really fast and it is very hot.
Craters(mahi ā-rehe)of volcanoes are where the lava/magma comes out and explodes.
Active(ahi tipua) volcanoes are very deadly and have killed many people.
No(ehē) one has ever gone into an active volcano and come out without an injury or they have never came out.

Volcanoes(puia pākai)

Introduction

Volcanoes are very deadly when they are active, they can destroy homes and cities with its boiling hot lava(tahepuia). The lava comes from a part of the volcano called the magma(tokarewa) chamber. The most dangerous volcano today is Popocatépetl the nickname for that is el popo and it is just 33 miles away from mexico city. El popo is still active,sending thousands of gas and ash into the air each year.During the past 400 years,nearly a quarter of a million people have been killed as a direct result of volcanic eruptions. Indirect aftereffects such as famine,climate change,and disease most likely have tripled that number.     

Layers of the earth.

Earth has four layers,the outer layer is called the crust.Beneath the crust lies the mantle in the mantle there is super hot rock that is nearly 2,000 miles in and nearly 3,000 km’s thick.The outer core is made of hot liquid metal that is beneath the mantle. The outer inner core is solid and it is at the center of the earth.  

Volcanic Rocks

Obsidian:

Obsidian is a volcanic glass with a chemical composition similar to that Rhyolite or Granite. It is most commonly black but it can also be brown,tan or green.If you find a rare obsidian it will either be orange,blue,red or yellow people think that the colours might of been caused because of trace elements or inclusions.

Sulphur:

Sulphur is yellow and it doesn't have a very pleasant smell.

It is very poisonous and if you touch it,it will burn your hands/fingers because it is an acid. when sulphur is on fire you can’t see the flames because it is really flammable and because it is an acid once again.

Granite:

Granite(tokapata) is a igneous rock.It kind of looks like pumice and it is multiple colours.

What impact do volcanic eruptions have on the world we live in? GOOD The first good effect of a volcanic eruption is the minerals that you can get from the volcanic rocks.These valuable resources are fluorine,sulphur,zinc,copper,lead,tin,uranium,tungsten,silver, Mercury and gold.The next good effect of a volcanic eruption is that it gives us fertile soil.In the fertile soil there are nutrients that help the plants to grow.The last effect of a volcanic eruption is geothermal power.Geo means earth and thermal means heat.We get heated water and steam that helps produce electricity in power plants. BAD

Unusual weather.The first bad effect of a volcanic eruption is that in indonesia in 1815 Mt Tambora erupted and that was the world’s biggest eruption in more than 1,600 years.Thomas Jefferson recorded the details about the weird weather that the united states were going through the weather was not as warm as it used to be.In some parts of england it was snowing in june.The entire Northern Hemisphere was experiencing what they call the year without summer.Without warm weather the farmers were not able to gather their crops that year.Alot of people suffered as a result.Scientists discovered that the Tambora eruption had caused their year without summer.The ash blocked the sunlight so the earth cooled down and changed weather patterns.Disrupted air travel.The next bad effect of a volcanic eruption are that volcanoes are disrupting air traveling.They cause big problems that the global economy have to fix.Ash forms clouds that are very dangerous for airplanes because even the smallest particles can cause the engine to break down if the amount of ash is big enough. The ugly The ugly effects come from Plinian and Ultra-Plinian eruptions do not usually occur.The huge eruptions have caused serious damage.  Pyroclastic Flows The most dangerous part of a volcanic eruption is Pyroclastic flows.These avalanches of death scorch everything in its way.They cover the ground in a thick layer of gray ash and rocks.A forest in Chile was damaged by a pyroclastic flow in 2008. LAHARS  In volcanic eruptions most commonly they make mudflows.The heavy walls of volcanic mud are thick enough to carry boulders,trucks,buildings and even roads and bridges.The amount of water and ice near an erupting volcano affects how big and how much of lahars there are.   

Acrostic Poem

Volcanic(ahi kōmau)-ash can kill people and cause serious injuries.

Old(ākonga o mua)-volcanoes sometimes make bigger eruptions.

Out of volcanoes eruptions occur because of density and pressure.

Fact File:

Magma:Magma is a hot liquid metal.It is molten rock,and it turns into obsidian when it cools down.Molten rock is melted rock it gets melted from how hot the earth is like Geothermal power.

Layers of the earth:Earth has four layers.The first layer is called the crust.The layer before the crust is the mantle.The second to last layer is the outer core and the last layer is called the inner core.

Obsidian:Obsidian is a volcanic glass.It is very shiny and it looks like glass just black.And surprisingly it is made from lava and lava does not look clear black.Obsidian comes in various colours.It comes in tan,black,brown and green.If you find a rare obsidian it will either be yellow,orange,blue and red.

Sulphur:Sulphur is yellow,it doesn’t smell very nice and it is very poisonous.If you touch it it will burn your hands because it is an acid.Sulphur is very flammable so never put it near a lighter or a fire.When sulphur is one fire you can’t see the flames because it is an acid again.

Volcanoes:Volcanoes can sometimes be little small mounts and sometimes they can be very big mounts.volcanoes have a vent that the magma/lava flows up through.at the bottom of the volcano there is the mantle and at the tippy top where the lava/magma comes out of are called the tectonic plates.

Lahars:Lahars are mud and rock fluds.They happen when a volcano erupts and the earth a parts a little bit.they are not good because people will lose their homes because of lahars.

Granite:Granite is a igneous rock.it is multiple colours and it is kind of similar to pumice in looks.It is a plutonic rock so that means that it grows deep in the ground.

Glossary

 Lava:tahepuia is hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano when it   erupts.

Volcanoes:puia pākai are mounts in the earth that erupt because of density and pressure.

Granite:tokapata is a multiple coloured igneous rock.It is a plutonic rock so that means that it forms deep underground.

Sulphur:pūngāwhā is a yellow igneous rock that is an acid and it is very poisonous so you can not touch it otherwise it will burn you.

Obsidian:tūhua is thick magma that cools down quickly.

                    Glossary 

Lava(tahepuia)-can travel really fast and it is very hot.
Craters(mahi ā-rehe)of volcanoes are where the lava/magma comes out and explodes.
Active(ahi tipua) volcanoes are very deadly and have killed many people.
No(ehē) one has ever gone into an active volcano and come out without an injury or they have never came out.